NAMING THE DETECTIVES: Robert Lopresti

AHMM regular Robert Lopresti is the winner of the 2012 Black Orchid Novella Award, or BONA, for “The Red Envelope,” which appears in our July/August issue. We co-sponsor the BONA contest with The Wolfe Pack, the Nero Wolfe appreciation society, to encourage the ratiocinative detective style exemplified by Wolfe. Here, Rob discusses the important matter of finding the right name for your character.

If you’re a writer creating a character, you need a name. (Oh, there are exceptions: Dashiell Hammett’s Continental Op and Bill Pronzini’s Nameless, for instance, but if you fill an entire book with Anonymous and Mr. X it might get tiresome pretty fast.)

I’m usually pretty casual about names, but when I started writing “The Red Envelope,” my entry for the Black Orchid Novella Award contest, I was hoping that this might be the beginning of a series. That meant that if I were lucky, I might have to live with those characters for a long time.

So I gave a lot of thought to matching the characters to their names. Consider my detective. The story is set in Greenwich Village in 1958 and the hero is a beat poet, a bit of an oddball, and definitely a man who likes to be the center of attention. Surely his name would be unusual. Something that stood out in some way. Hmm . . .

What follows is an example of why smart writers keep a notebook in their pocket at all times, and never throw an idea away, no matter how useless it may seem at the time.

Let’s go back in time to San Francisco, 2010. I was there for Bouchercon, and being a cheap cuss I was staying at an inexpensive hotel miles from the convention site. One day I was walking back toward my room and–

Delgardo.

Excuse me?

Delgardo. 

Yeah, I got that. What does it mean?

Delgardo.

I looked around for a store sign or something else with the name on it. Nothing. The name had just popped out of thin air and refused to go away.

Okay, if you write creatively you know that when your subconscious mind delivers agift like that you had damned well better pay attention. So I grabbed my pen and notebook and wrote down the name.

In the days that followed I tried to attach a story to Mr. Delgardo, or at least give him a character. (Huh . . . How did I know he was male? I just did, that’s all.) It went nowhere, but when I was looking for a name for my beat poet, there he was in myh files, waiting. And one detail from that abortive brainstorming did stick: I knew that Delgardo cheerfully changed his first name depending on who he was talking to, and what about. So that became a characteristic of my poet.

Now, since the BONA is a salute to Rex Stout I had noticed that most of the winning tales were narrated by the detective’s younger assistant, like Archie Goodwin in the Nero Wolfe books. My narrator would be a naive young midwesterner, the recent inheritor of a Greenwich Village coffee shop. But I needed the proper name: something bland and uninteresting, but ideally something that my poet would find a hidden meaning in.

I went through lists of older British authors and there I found the perfect moniker for my narrator: Thomas Gray! What could be blander than that?  And here’s a bonus: Gray wrote “The paths of glory lead but to the grave.” Perfect for a murder mystery.

So, that’s what I started with: Delgardo and Thomas Gray. All I had to do to win the contest was add 14,997 more words. Who said it was going to be easy?

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All My Children: John Corrigan

In this post. John R. Corrigan meditates on the personal life experiences that can shape an author’s fiction. His story “Autumn’s Crossing” appears in the July/August issue of AHMM.

I hope you enjoy “Autumn’s Crossing.” Ironically, U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agent and single mom Peyton Cote owes her foray into the short-fiction genre to none other than Alfred Hitchcock Mystery Magazine Editor Linda Landrigan.

I met Linda at Bouchercon in 2003. Her husband, John, was my book editor back then, and I was working on the second of what would be five Jack Austin PGA Tour novels. “Why don’t you write a short story?” Linda asked me at the awards dinner. I was sitting next to S. J. Rozan, whose novels and stories I adore, and I thought about S. J.’s ability to cast her series character in both short-story and book-length genres. So I considered it that evening. But after the conference I fell back into my daily routine of working on my novels in the early morning, teaching, coaching, parenting, sleeping deeply, and getting up and doing it all over again the next day. And so I forgot all about the short-story genre until a decade later, when I sent Linda a story. No longer was I working with her husband, so I sent a brief cover letter that was something along the lines of “I don’t know if you remember me, but you asked for a story. I’m ten years late, but here it is.” She bought that story and another and subsequently “Autumn’s Crossing,” which appears in this issue.

Peyton Cote is a vast departure from Jack Austin, so I was thrilled when Linda wanted the story because the sale validated a risk I’m taking. You see, the short story bears the namesake (or, rather, title-sake) of a novel that my agent and I hope will launch a new series.

All told, I’ve written three series characters, an amateur sleuth, a P.I., and a law-enforcement official, although not of the traditional ilk. Each character is unique from the others, and each has been created for a different reason.

From 1999 to 2006, I published five novels in the Jack Austin series and spent an exorbitant, yet highly enjoyable, amount of time researching all things PGA Tour to do so. The books are—if such things exist—golf procedurals. I had grown up reading traditional P.I. novels—I loved Philip Marlowe and Spenser—and my Jack Austin books offer an amateur sleuth with a traditional P.I. code. Jack is a man of honor, one who does the right thing because it’s the right thing. Therefore, setting the books in the world of golf seemed natural. I was an athlete, having played college hockey. And I love and respect the game of golf and view it as the lone professional sport yet to be tarnished by performance-enhancing drugs; it is the final frontier where a competitor calls a penalty on himself and loses both riches and the fame that accompanies winning. It’s a game of integrity. If Philip Marlowe or Spenser were athletes, they’d be PGA Tour players. Just bigger and tougher than the guys you see on TV.

But everything ends, and after more than a decade, I wanted to try something new. As crazy as it sounds, hockey actually led to my second series character, single-mom and U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agent Peyton Cote. Living along the Canadian border in Aroostook County, Maine, I started playing pickup hockey on Sunday nights with several U.S. Border Patrol agents. I love to research and wanted to write a law-enforcement series no one had written yet. The border patrol seemed the logical choice—I certainly couldn’t find much written on it.

Problem was, I’d soon learn that was by design.

The only thing harder than finding reading material on the border patrol was acquiring permission to ride along with an agent. It took three months to be cleared and a lot of locker-room chit chat, but eventually, I was granted several “border tours.” These tours are to be brief. Yet my smooth-skating hockey-playing brethren stretched these rides to several hours during which I’d watch, listen, and ask literally hundreds of questions. This information makes its way into my works by adding what I hope readers find to be rich details—items like black electrical tape covering dashboard instruments inside agents’ vehicles at night.

Partly why I wanted to write Peyton Cote was the challenge she presented: I wanted to see if I could write a female. Jack Austin is a tough guy, a dyslexic, one I didn’t have to step far out of character to create. Peyton, by contrast, is a divorced single mom struggling to balance her career with her desire to be there for her son. Her mother, a traditional farm wife who lives nearby, is constantly troubled by the thought that her daughter not only works, but (God, save us) carries a gun. And her ex-husband somehow is always present, despite Peyton’s continual reminders that it’s over between them. I like conflict. I like dialogue. And I enjoy putting Peyton on stage with all these internal and external issues and seeing how she handles them. Getting the character and the voice of the novel version of Autumn’s Crossing just right took a lot of work, many drafts, and several years.

Max Tyger, on the other hand, was written in under a year, while I was still tinkering with Peyton. He appears in This One Day (Five Star, December 2013), which will be published under the pseudonym K. A. Delaney. (My daughters are Keeley, 4; Audrey, 12; and Delaney, 15.) But it’s me; and this sleuth, a traditional P.I., is—once again—very different from the other two.

If Jack Austin was created because I wanted to honor the traditions of the genre, and Peyton was spawned from my desire to challenge myself artistically, then Max was created because I was angry at the world. And writing was the best way to deal with that. In 2006, my father and I were grilling one evening. I took a piece of sausage off the grill, cut it in two, and handed a piece to him, then watched as he coughed it up. He hadn’t choked on the meat. Something had prevented it from going down. That was September. By December, he was diagnosed with stage-three esophageal cancer. At 7:14 a.m., on April Fool’s Day he died.

I spent the first two weeks following his death in my back yard with a stack of two-foot-by-two-foot pool pavers, crushed stone, a radio, and a shovel. I dug, leveled, placed the pavers, and replaced them over and over again until I’d finished an outdoor patio. Alone. Just me and my thoughts. It was cathartic, but it wasn’t enough. I needed to write something about my father, about sitting in that goddamned ICU for three weeks as I watched him die. The result was This One Day featuring Max Tyger, a down-on-his-luck, Connecticut-based P.I. who’s just been diagnosed with stage-two esophageal cancer. He’s hired to find a teen who has been failed by all the adults in his life. Max is sick, but he sees the search for seventeen-year-old Tommy Lewis as a chance for redemption. And given the life he’s led, redemption means everything to him. It’s a dark book, written from a very dark place, but one I like a lot, and one that offers a character who I think has much more to say.

My three series characters are all different, all born of unique circumstances. The only commonalities (at least those that their author sees) are that they have too much to say for a single book, and they’re fun as hell to write.

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Tom Savage: Venice, Via the V. I.

What is the role of place in a story? Tom Savage’s “Jumbie Tea” offers a strong sense of place, but as he explains in this post, that’s only one ingredient in the creative stew. “Jumbie Tea” appears in our June issue, on newsstands now.

You can also hear Tom read his Barry-nominated “The Method in Her Madness,”  from our June 2005 issue, as part of our podcast series. You can also find the stories on iTunes.

Writers are human sponges; there’s no denying it. From childhood’s earliest hour, we soak up every detail of the world around us and store it somewhere close to our brains. Then, at any given moment, the sponge will squeeze information and images into our conscious minds. The result is a story, and we don’t always know which part of our past experience inspired it. This explains our blank expressions when people ask us that timeworn question, “Where do you get your ideas?”

But sometimes we know. In the case of “Jumbie Tea,” my new story in AHMM, I remember exactly what happened. Three things:

  1. Rereading a favorite story by a favorite author
  2. Memories of my childhood in the Virgin Islands
  3. An invitation from one of my mystery writing organizations (I belong to several) to submit a story for a proposed anthology called MURDER AROUND THE WORLD

Actually, it was #3 above that activated #1 and #2. The assignment was to write a short mystery set in a specific part of the world, using elements of that place in the plot. When the request arrived, I was rereading one of my favorites, “Don’t Look Now,” the creepy 1971 novella by Daphne du Maurier. A British couple, grieving the recent death of their child, take a business trip to Venice, where all sorts of weird, supernatural things begin to happen. It’s a chilling tale with a famous shock ending, but what most impresses the reader is the description of the setting–the sights, sounds, smells, and moods of that ancient city. I’ve been in Venice, and I’ve experienced its strange allure firsthand. Reading her story, you get the distinct impression that these bizarre events could only occur there. This aspect of her work spilled onto the invitation on my desk, and they were both lapped up by the sponge in my head.

I needed an exotic locale for my story, and I happen to have grown up in one: St. Thomas, V. I. My hometown would do quite nicely, and I certainly knew the geography, landmarks, and folklore of the region. I would use as many details of the West Indies as my plot would bear. But, what would the story be? Well, I’d just been reading a masterpiece wherein beautiful Venice is the symbol of all that is evil and corrupt, practically a doorway to Hell. So…

Unable to shake the supernatural angle of du Maurier’s tale, I immediately recalled the superstitions and religions of the Islands. And–again inspired by Dame Daphne–I created a pair of American tourists in the Caribbean who would somehow be confronted by these things. Instant Culture Clash. Voodoo and Obeah are alien to most of us; we don’t understand them, so we fear them. As a child in St. Thomas, I was fascinated by the otherworldly elements of those beliefs, and I never forgot them. The fierce heat, the sudden rain, the winding mountain roads, the lovely old buildings and lush palms and white beaches of my youth would all play their parts as well. I added everything I could remember to the mix. I took all these beautiful things and rendered them sinister, recasting them as my own, personal version of Hell’s Waiting Room.

The sponge was squeezed, as it were, and out came “Jumbie Tea.” To top it all off, I borrowed one final element from Daphne du Maurier–or, rather, from Nicolas Roeg’s brilliant 1973 film version of “Don’t Look Now.” The terrified couple in the story, John and Laura Baxter, were played in the film by Donald Sutherland and Julie Christie, so my tourists became “Donald” and “Julie,” and Julie’s last name is “Baxter.” The French have a word for this: hommage. In America, we simply call it theft. Anyway, that’s how this particular story came to be. Where did I get the idea? My answer is the title of this essay.

The proposed anthology never materialized, so I submitted “Jumbie Tea” to AHMM and hoped for the best, which is what happened, and here it is. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed revisiting my past–and squeezing my sponge–to create it.

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Derringer Award Nominations Announced

The nominees for Derringer Awards have been listed, and we are delighted to see three AHMM stories among those short listed. Chris Muessig’s story “The Sunny South” (March 2012) is nominated for Best Novelette and David Hagerty’s story “The Pot Hunters” (June 2012) is nominated for Best Long Story. And one of our Mystery Photograph contest winners was nominated under the category of Best Flash Story: Randy DeWitt for his winning entry “The Cable Job,” which appeared as The Story That Won in our September 2012 issue.

The Derringers are presented by The Short Mystery Fiction Society, a group that works to promote the appreciation of short crime fiction. Only SMFS members can vote for the Derringer-nominated stories, but if you are a member, you can read the stories at the SFMS site.

Congratulations to all the nominees!!

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How’d That Happen?: Angela Zeman

Angela Zeman did such a wonderful job creating the world that Roxanne lives in for “The First Tale of Roxanne” that by the end of the story you are ready for more. And the title indeed suggests a second, and a third . . . So we asked Angela to talk to us about her creative process when starting out a new series.

A few days ago I was thrilled to read in the NY Times section of Unrequested Advice that dark chocolate is now healthy to eat all you want. Yes! Then my copy of AHMM came in the mail and my story was on the cover. I forgot chocolate. Nobody from AHMM had mentioned “cover” to me, so I was shocked and thrilled. And reminded of my very first story sale—my first sale of anything—to the late Cathleen Jordan, the editor of AHMM at that time. She phoned me to buy it, too, which made the event all the more stunning. Then, in the throes of my euphoria, I exposed the enormous amount of water behind my ears and requested that my name be put on the cover. She kindly said, “maybe another time.” From that sale came the Mrs. Risk story series and a novel, all now re-published as e-books by Mysterious Press.

Fast forward, many story sales later . . . AHMM editor Linda Landrigan chose my story for May’s cover. I’m thrilled and gratified, and enormously surprised now that my ears are drier.

For this blog, Linda asked me if I could explain why I often write series. She asked how I plan them. Plan? Tough question. I don’t know.

Right now, I’m in the middle of the third entry to another series, nothing to do with Roxanne. I call it the Trueden Falls series because that’s its fictional location in the Adirondacks. Also now, another magazine is mulling over whether or not to purchase the second in a newer series, which I call the Pete Murphy stories. (Pete’s first story is in Robert Randisi’s anthology, CRIME SQUARE.) That action is 1956 post war harsh and hungry Times Square. My narrator is Petey, an eleven-year-old boy forced by his father’s death in the Big War to take on adult responsibilities, and who manages creatively. Not a young adult series.

My characters are so alive to me that last year I combined heroes from three different well-received stories to create a thriller novel. (The main protagonist came from, “Green Heat,” chosen by Nelson DeMille for Otto Penzler’s Best American Mystery Stories of 2004, from that year’s Jeffrey Deaver anthology.)

How do these things result in a series? I know only a few things. People fascinate me, but boring people bore me. So if anyone catches my eye as “interesting,” chances are good that something about that person will appear in a story.

I’m a listener and a watcher. I strike up spontaneous conversations. I see feelings. How you feel, how you express your feelings, why you feel this way. No one is simple (even if simple-minded), things hit the fan, and life is short. All of which makes a good story.

Another thing. My story characters don’t function in my mind as “characters.” To me they’re people. As are the others in the story. All vivid individuals in his/her own way. By the time the story ends, I have collected an ensemble. All ages, backgrounds, income level, talents, or non-talents. Just like the people outside my door. But then, in imitation of real life, some people just won’t go away. They become a series.

My first series was about Mrs. Risk. Many never realized it, but I used those stories to experiment using various people’s voices. So the POV would always be omniscient, limited by one viewpoint character. And I made that one character be whoever came to Mrs. Risk asking for help. It was educational and fun to do for a while, and incidentally created a love for experimenting when I write.

Gary Provost, a late mentor I still obey said, “You’re like me, you want to write everything.” He nailed me. That’s the explanation for my forays into the lives of unusual people, into history, villages, stark plots, cute plots, and this latest thriller book. POVs of all kinds. I just gotta try it. At least once!

When I write, my goal is always to write a stand-alone. True. Then some protagonists’ personalities somehow invite odd or crazy situations, and I start writing it down.

Wait until you see Roxanne’s dilemma in her Second Tale! The Emperor Vespasian takes advantage of her integrity and gift for languages to ask a private favor that would keep him from embarrassment . . . See? I couldn’t resist. Maybe her Third Tale should involve chocolate. Seems healthy to me.

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The Case of the Copyrighted Characters

Long before the days of Star Trek, Harry Potter, and Twilight fan fiction, people were writing their own stories featuring the world’s first consulting detective, Sherlock Holmes. In just the past few years, this most protean of icons has been reimagined as a steampunk action hero, a twenty-first century self-described high functioning sociopath, and – a New Yorker (though an immigrant).

One of the most famous fictional characters in the world, Sherlock Holmes was the creation of Arthur Conan Doyle. Nobody disputes that.

During his lifetime, and for years after his death, Conan Doyle and his descendants retained the right to profit from the good doctor’s intellectual labor. Nobody disputes that, either.

But copyright laws exist to strike a balance between the proprietary interests of the creator of intellectual property and the benefits to society of making such property freely available as part of the public domain. A recent lawsuit argues that Holmes and Watson have passed that line in the United States.

Lawyer and Sherlockian Leslie S. Klinger has filed suit in U.S. District Court against the estate of Arthur Conan Doyle. The suit seeks to have the court declare that the characters of Holmes and Watson are no longer protected by federal copyright laws. All but ten of Conan Doyle’s Holmes stories are now in the public domain in the U.S. But because ten late stories are still under copyright, the estate asserts continued proprietary interest in Holmes and claims that anyone seeking to use the character must first secure permission.

Klinger argues that Holmes, Watson, and other characters are sufficiently well established in the stories already in the public domain that they should now be available to writers who wish to create original works using them. He spells out the details of his action on the web site Free Sherlock!

Klinger is the editor of The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes and the author of numerous works on the Baker Street detective. His annotated version of “The Adventure of the Red Circle” appeared in the March/2008 issue of AHMM.

As an editor of a fiction magazine, I get inquiries from authors about this sort of thing frenquently. This case has the potential to be an education in the intricacies of copyright law.

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Agatha Nominations Announced

AHMM congratulates B. K. Stevens, whose “Thea’s First Husband” has been named a finalist for the Agatha Award for best short story. “Thea’s First Husband” appeared in our June 2012 issue. AHM612_74820-08586-06

The Agatha Awards will be presented at Malice Domestic in Bethesda, Maryland, on Saturday May 4th. (Coincidentally, June will be the 25th anniversary of Ms. Stevens’s first story for AHMM in 1988, “True Detective.”)

Congratulations also to AHMM authors Margaret Maron, for her nomination for Best Novel (The Buzzard Table); Rhys Bowen, for Best Historical Mystery (The Twelve Clues of Christmas); and Dana Cameron, also a nominee for Best Short Story for “Mischief in Mesopotamia” which appeared in our sister magazine, EQMM.

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